Solar inverters are essential for converting solar energy into usable electricity, but not all inverters function the same way. How do on-grid and off-grid inverters compare?
An on-grid inverter works with the power grid, converting solar energy for immediate use and sending excess power to the grid. An off-grid inverter operates independently, relying on batteries to store and supply energy without a grid connection. The main difference lies in their ability to function with or without grid power.
Understanding these differences helps in selecting the right inverter for your solar energy needs.
What Is the Difference Between On-Grid and Off-Grid Inverters?
On-grid and off-grid inverters serve different purposes, but what sets them apart?
An on-grid inverter is designed to work with the utility grid, allowing for net metering and excess energy export. An off-grid inverter, on the other hand, is designed for standalone solar systems, relying on battery storage for continuous power supply.
On-Grid vs. Off-Grid Inverters
| Feature | On-Grid Inverter | Off-Grid Inverter |
|---|---|---|
| Grid Connection | Required | Not required |
| Battery Storage | Optional | Essential |
| Backup Power | No | Yes |
| Excess Energy Use | Sent to the grid | Stored in batteries |
| Best For | Homes with grid access | Remote areas without grid power |
If you want backup power, an off-grid inverter is necessary. If you prefer to reduce electricity bills without storage, an on-grid inverter is the better choice.
What Is the Difference Between a Grid-Forming Inverter and a Grid-Following Inverter?
Not all grid-connected inverters work the same way. Some actively stabilize the grid, while others rely on an existing power source.
A grid-forming inverter can operate independently, creating its own stable power frequency and voltage, making it suitable for off-grid or hybrid systems. A grid-following inverter requires an active power grid to function and synchronizes its output with the grid voltage.
Grid-Forming vs. Grid-Following Inverters
| Feature | Grid-Forming Inverter | Grid-Following Inverter |
|---|---|---|
| Grid Requirement | Not required | Required |
| Function | Creates its own grid | Synchronizes with existing grid |
| Best For | Off-grid & hybrid systems | On-grid solar systems |
| Backup Power | Yes | No |
Grid-forming inverters provide flexibility and stability for independent energy systems.
What Is the Difference Between a Grid-Tied and Off-Grid Inverter?
The terms "grid-tied" and "on-grid" are often used interchangeably, but how do grid-tied and off-grid inverters compare?
A grid-tied inverter directly connects to the power grid, supplying electricity for immediate use and sending excess energy back to the grid. An off-grid inverter, in contrast, operates independently using battery storage, providing power even when the grid is unavailable.
Grid-Tied vs. Off-Grid Inverter
| Feature | Grid-Tied Inverter | Off-Grid Inverter |
|---|---|---|
| Grid Dependency | Needs grid connection | Works without grid |
| Battery Requirement | Optional | Mandatory |
| Power During Outages | No | Yes |
| Energy Usage | Uses and sells excess energy | Stores energy for later use |
If uninterrupted power is essential, an off-grid inverter is the right choice.
What Is the Difference Between a Grid-Connected Battery and an Off-Grid Battery?
Batteries are commonly used in solar systems, but their function differs in grid-connected and off-grid setups.
A grid-connected battery is used in hybrid solar systems to store excess solar energy while still relying on grid power when needed. An off-grid battery, however, is designed for complete energy independence, providing stored power when solar generation is low.
Grid-Connected vs. Off-Grid Battery
| Feature | Grid-Connected Battery | Off-Grid Battery |
|---|---|---|
| Grid Connection | Yes, works with hybrid inverters | No, used in fully off-grid systems |
| Usage Purpose | Stores excess energy but still relies on grid backup | Stores all energy for independent use |
| Backup Power | Available if system has backup function | Essential for off-grid living |
| Battery Size | Smaller, since grid is available | Larger, to ensure continuous power |
If energy independence is the goal, an off-grid battery system is necessary. However, for users looking to store solar energy while still being connected to the grid, a grid-connected battery provides a practical backup option.
Conclusion
On-grid inverters are ideal for reducing electricity costs by feeding excess energy to the grid, while off-grid inverters provide complete energy independence. Choosing the right system depends on grid availability, energy storage needs, and backup power requirements.
